Article II – Traffic and Parking

Section 1. Definitions

Words and phrases used in this Article and not otherwise defined herein shall have their usual and customary meaning, provided, however, that all words defined in the Michigan Vehicle Code, as amended, and used in this Article but not otherwise defined herein, shall have the meaning specified in the Michigan Vehicle Code; provided further, that the following words and phrases shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them in this section:

Alley. Any minor thoroughfare, opened to public use, for purposes of ingress and egress to service adjacent buildings.
Bicycle. Every device having between one to three wheels, typically with a tandem or tricycle arrangement, at least one of which is over twenty inches in diameter, propelled by human power upon which a person may ride.
Bus. Every public motor vehicle designed for carrying more than seven passengers and used for the transportation of persons; and every motor vehicle, other than a taxicab, designed and used for the transportation of persons for compensation.
Bus Stand. A fixed area in the roadway parallel and adjacent to the curb to be occupied exclusively by buses for layover in operating schedules or waiting for passengers.
Center or Centerline. A continuous or broken line marked upon the surface of a roadway by paint or otherwise to indicate each portion of the roadway allocated to traffic proceeding in the two opposite directions, and if the line is not so painted or otherwise marked, it is an imaginary line in the roadway equally distant from the edges or curbs of the roadway.
Crosswalk. That portion of any street or paved surface in any lot or parking structure or any other surface designated as a route for motor vehicles, whether at an intersection or not, that is marked by signs, lights, pavement markings, or any other means to identify it as a pedestrian crossing.
Curb Loading Zone. A space adjacent to a curb for the exclusive use of vehicles licensed as commercial vehicles during the loading or unloading of freight.
Holidays. Where used in this Ordinance or on official signs erected pursuant to this Ordinance shall, in addition to Sundays, mean the following legal holidays: New Year’s Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and any other holiday (including University of Michigan season days), when the University is officially closed.
Intersection. The area embraced within the prolongation of the lateral lines or, if none, then the lateral boundary lines of two or more roadways that join one another at an angle, whether or not one roadway crosses the other.
Moped. A two- or three-wheeled vehicle that is equipped with a motor that does not exceed 50 cubic centimeters piston displacement or produces 2.0 brake horsepower or less or cannot propel the vehicle at a speed greater than 30 miles per hour on a level surface. The power drive system shall not require the operator to shift gears.
Motor Vehicles. Every vehicle that is self-propelled.
Motorcycles. Every motor vehicle having a saddle or seat for the use of the rider(s) and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground but excluding a farm tractor.
Parking Meter Zone. An area adjacent to a parking meter set aside for the exclusive use of vehicles upon the deposit of a coin of United States, currency of proper denomination, or credit/debit card in the meter in that parking meter as specified on it.
Commercial Quadricycle. A vehicle that satisfies all of the following: (i) has fully operative pedals for propulsion entirely by human power; (ii) has at least four wheels and is operated in a manner similar to a bicycle; (iii) has at least six seats for passengers; (iv) is designed to be occupied by a driver and powered either by passengers providing pedal power to the drive train of the vehicle or by a motor capable of propelling the vehicle in the absence of human power; (v) is used for commercial purposes; and (vi) is operated by the owner of the vehicle or an employee of the owner of the vehicle.
Right-of-Way. The privilege of the immediate use of the roadway.
Stop. When required, means complete cessation of movement.
Stop, Stopping, or Standing. When prohibited, means any stopping or standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, other than the temporary stopping of a passenger vehicle for the purpose of and while actually engaged in picking up and discharging passengers and not obstructing traffic, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic control sign or signal.
Taxicab. A motor vehicle licensed by the Secretary of State of Michigan or a motor vehicle used for the transportation of passengers for hire, excluding buses.
Taxicab Stand. A fixed area in the roadway parallel and adjacent to the curb set aside for taxicabs to stand or wait for passengers.
Official time standard. Whenever certain hours are named in this Ordinance, they shall mean standard time or daylight savings time as may be in current use at the University.

Section 2. Parking Areas

Designation of Parking Areas. With respect to the Ann Arbor campus, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee and, with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, such campus’s respective Chancellor or Chancellor’s written designee, shall designate the available parking lots and parking structures on property of The Regents of the University of Michigan as “Restricted Parking Areas” and “Open Parking Areas” and shall identify them by appropriate signs at their respective entrances.
Restricted Parking Areas. Restricted Parking Areas shall be limited to permit holders. The classifications of parking are placed on the website of the Department of Logistics, Transportation & Parking at the Ann Arbor campus, Parking Services at the Dearborn campus, or the Department of Public Safety at the Flint campus, or other applicable campus designated office of parking services and shall be kept current by the respective department.
Open Parking Areas. Open Parking Areas shall be open to the public and shall have five classifications:
1. Cashier-operated and automated-pay Parking structures;
2. Metered Parking Lots and Structures;
3. University Housing Parking Lots;
4. Athletic Department Parking Lots; and
5. Free Lots.
Limited-Purpose Parking Areas. Limited-Purpose Parking Areas shall be used solely as follows:
1. For the parking of University-owned vehicles;
2. For the parking of Business Vehicle permit vehicles and Service Vehicles;
3. For the parking of commercial vehicles; or
4. For the parking in loading docks while actively loading or unloading equipment or supplies.

Section 3. University Parking Permits

Rules and Regulations. University parking permits shall be issued to all faculty and full-time staff members pursuant to rules and regulations prescribed by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, and the Chancellor or the Chancellor’s written designee, with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, and pursuant to eligibility criteria established by the Department of Logistics, Transportation & Parking at the Ann Arbor campus, Parking Services at the Dearborn campus, the Department of Public Safety at the Flint campus, or other applicable campus designated office of parking services upon payment of all applicable fees.
Permit Required. No person shall park a motor vehicle in a Restricted Parking Area unless the vehicle shall have affixed to it (in accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations) the type of parking permit required for that Restricted Parking Area, which has been validly issued to that person by the Department of Logistics, Transportation & Parking at the Ann Arbor campus, Parking Services at the Dearborn campus, the Department of Public Safety at the Flint campus, or other applicable campus designated office of parking services.

Section 4. Rates

The rates for parking in lots and structures operated by the University of Michigan shall be established by rules and regulations prescribed by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, and the Chancellor or the Chancellor’s written designee, with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses. Parking rates shall be placed on the website of the Department of Logistics, Transportation & Parking at the Ann Arbor campus, Parking Services at the Dearborn campus, the Department of Public Safety at the Flint campus, or other applicable campus designated office of parking services, and shall be kept current by the respective department.

Section 5. General Prohibitions

Prohibited Parking. No person shall park a motor vehicle on the University of Michigan campus except in a designated parking area or except while engaged in a service, delivery, or similar function permitted by the prescribed rules and regulations. Any person must at all times obey University of Michigan signs.
Prohibited Driving. No person shall operate a motor vehicle over or upon the University of Michigan campus except in an area designated as a street, public drive, or parking area or except while engaged in a service, delivery, or similar function permitted by the prescribed rules and regulations.

Section 6. Obstructing Drives

No person shall park a motor vehicle on the University of Michigan campus in a manner that obstructs, blocks, or projects into any entrance, exit, driveway, or aisle way of any parking lot or structure.

Section 7. Parking Spaces

No person shall park any motor vehicle in any parking lot or parking structure other than within the boundaries of the space designated as allocated for the parking of a single motor vehicle by appropriate lines or markings. Where a space has been designated for the parking of only a specific category of vehicle, it shall be unlawful to park a vehicle of another specific category or size in that space.

Section 8. Payment of Charges for Non-Metered Parking

Every person who parks a motor vehicle in a non-metered parking lot or parking structure operated by the University of Michigan for which a parking charge is made, shall prepay upon entry or shall pay the charge prior to removing the vehicle from the lot or structure.

Section 9. Payment of Charges for Metered Parking

In a University of Michigan parking lot or parking structure where parking charges are collected by means of meters installed adjacent to the parking spaces in said lot or structure, by means of a pay station installed at the parking lot or parking structure for multiple parking spaces, or by means of a University authorized smartphone application, no person shall:

Park a motor vehicle in any metered space without placing a United States coin of proper denomination, currency, or credit/debit card in the meter or without paying through a University authorized paystation or smartphone application in accordance with the regulations posted on that meter during the hours regulations require the payment of parking charges; or
Permit a motor vehicle in their custody, or owned by them, to remain in any metered zone except while lawful parking time appears on the meter regulating the space occupied by the motor vehicle.

Section 10. Prima Facie Evidence - Parking Violations

In any proceeding for violation of the parking provisions of this Ordinance, the registration plate displayed on a motor vehicle shall constitute in evidence a prima facie presumption that the owner of the motor vehicle was the person who parked or placed such motor vehicle at the point where the violation occurred.

Section 11. Traffic Signals and Stops

Stop Signs and Yield Right-of-Way Signs. When stop signs are erected at or near the entrance to any intersection on any street or highway or in any University owned parking lot or structure, every driver of a vehicle shall stop the vehicle at the sign or at a clearly marked stop line, except when directed to proceed by a police officer or traffic control signal, and shall proceed into the intersection only when the movement can be made in safety and without interfering with other traffic. Where signs bearing the message “Yield Right-of-Way” are erected upon the approach to an intersection, a driver approaching the intersection shall slow to a reasonable speed for existing conditions of traffic and visibility, yielding the right-of-way to all traffic on the intersecting street that is so close as to constitute an immediate hazard.
Unauthorized Display of Signs. No person shall place, maintain, or display upon or in view of any street any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that purports to be, or is an imitation of, or resembles a traffic control device or railroad sign or signal, or which attempts to direct the movement of traffic, or which hides from view or interferes with the effectiveness of any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal. On the Ann Arbor campus, every prohibited sign, signal, or marking is hereby declared to be a nuisance and the Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee is empowered to remove it or cause it to be removed without notice. On the Dearborn and Flint campuses the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee is empowered to remove every prohibited sign, signal, or marking declared to be a nuisance. This shall not be deemed to prohibit the erection of signs upon private property adjacent to streets giving useful directional information and of a type that cannot be mistaken for traffic signs or signals.
Passing Vehicle at Intersection. Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.

Section 12. Compliance with Traffic Control Devices

No driver of a vehicle shall disobey the instructions of any traffic control device placed in accordance with provisions of this Ordinance unless at a time otherwise directed by a police officer.

Section 13. Speed Regulations

General Speed Limit. Any person driving a vehicle on a street or any University owned parking lot or structure shall drive the vehicle at a careful and prudent speed not greater than nor less than the speed that is reasonable and proper, having due regard to the traffic, surface, and width of the street and of any other condition then existing, and no person shall drive any vehicle upon a street or any University owned parking lot or structure at a speed greater than will permit the driver to bring the vehicle to a stop within the assured, clear distance ahead.
Prima Facie Limit. Subject to the provisions of Section 13(a), and except in those instances where a different speed is established by Traffic Control Order and posted, it shall be prima facie lawful for the driver of a vehicle to drive the vehicle at a maximum speed of twenty-five miles an hour on all University streets and five miles per hour in any University owned parking lot or structure; except it is unlawful to drive at that speed when it is unsafe to do so under the circumstances.
Exceeding Prima Facie Limit. It shall be prima facie unlawful to exceed the speed stated on signs erected in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance.
Specify Speed Violation. In every charge of a violation of speed limitations imposed under this Ordinance, except for charges of violations of Section 13(a), the complaint and traffic citation shall specify the speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven and also the speed applicable to the district or the location.

Section 14. Parking, Standing, and Starting

Parking Prohibitions (No Signs Required). No person shall stop or park a vehicle on any street or University owned parking lot or structure, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with law or the directions of a police officer or traffic-control device, in any of the following places:
1. On a sidewalk or on that portion of the street located between the property lines and the curb or curb line;
2. Within an intersection;
3. Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant;
4. On a crosswalk;
5. Within 20 feet of a crosswalk or, if none, then within 15 feet of the intersection of property lines at an intersection of streets;
6. Within 30 feet upon the approach to any flashing beacon, stop sign, or traffic-control sign located at the side of a street;
7. Within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing;
8. Within 20 feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and on the side of a street opposite the entrance to any fire station within 75 feet of the entrance when properly signposted;
9. Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic;
10. On the highway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street;
11. Upon any bridge or other elevated structure upon a street;
12. Within 200 feet of an accident at which police officers are in attendance;
13. In front of any theater;
14. In any place or in any manner that blocks immediate egress from any emergency exit or any exit conspicuously marked as an exit, of any building;
15. In any place or in any manner that blocks or hampers immediate use of and immediate egress from any fire escape providing an emergency means of egress from any building.
Discharging and Loading Passengers. Notwithstanding the prohibitions in Section 14(a), passenger vehicles, taxicabs, and buses, for the purpose of taking on or discharging passengers, may be stopped at the places designated in Section 14(a)(2), Section 14(a)(4), and Section 14(a)(6), and buses may stop for those purposes on the highway side of a vehicle illegally parked in a designated bus stop.
Causing Vehicle to be Illegally Parked. No person shall move a vehicle not lawfully under that person’s control into any prohibited area or away from a curb to a distance as is unlawful.
Parking Prohibitions and Restrictions (Signs Required).
1. No person shall stop, stand, or park a vehicle, except when necessary to avoid conflict with traffic or in compliance with law or the direction of a police officer, in violation of any legally established parking restriction or prohibition, provided that signs stating the restrictions or prohibitions are posted in accordance with this Ordinance, except that a driver of a passenger vehicle may stop temporarily in the restricted or prohibited parking zone for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading of passengers when the stopping does not interfere with traffic.
2. Where signs establishing a time limit zone are erected in any block or upon any University property, no person shall park a vehicle within the zone for longer than the time limit established. Each additional period of parking over the time limit shall be a separate offense.
Prohibitions for Certain Purposes. No person shall park a vehicle upon any street or on any University owned lot or parking structure for the principal purpose of:
1. Displaying the vehicle for sale;
2. Washing, polishing, greasing, or repairing the vehicle, except repairs necessitated by an emergency;
3. Displaying advertising;
4. Selling merchandise from the vehicle, except in an established market place or when so authorized or licensed under Article IX of this Ordinance.

Section 15. Miscellaneous Rules

Backing. The driver of a vehicle shall not back it unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with other traffic, and in accordance with the following rules:
1. In no case shall a vehicle be backed a distance of more than sixty feet.
2. No vehicle shall be backed around a corner at an intersection of University streets unless preceded by an observer to safely direct the movement.
Vehicles shall not be Driven on a Sidewalk. On the Ann Arbor campus, the driver of a motor vehicle, motorcycle, or moped shall not drive upon or within any sidewalk area, whether it is adjacent to a street or not, unless the driver first obtains the written permission of the Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee, except at a driveway or if the vehicle is a University maintenance vehicle or emergency vehicle. On the Dearborn or Flint campuses the respective Chancellor or Chancellor’s designee will provide applicable permissions.
Driving Off Roadway. No person shall operate a motor vehicle over or upon property owned by the University unless the property has been designated as a street, public drive, or parking area. Service vehicles, construction vehicles, and emergency vehicles are exempted from this ordinance.
Splashing. No person shall recklessly, willfully, wantonly, or carelessly operate any vehicle in a manner that splashes snow, rain, water, mud, dirt, or debris on any person then upon a sidewalk or crosswalk.
Crossing Fire Hose. No vehicle shall be driven over any unprotected hose on any University property of a fire department without the prior consent of the fire department official in command.
Unattended Motor Vehicle. No person driving or in charge of a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand unattended in any public place on University property with the ignition key within the ignition lock of the motor vehicle or with its key elsewhere within the vehicle in view of persons passing nearby; provided, however, that this prohibition shall not apply to trucks that are being loaded or unloaded or emergency vehicles.

Section 16. Pedestrians Crossing Streets

No pedestrian shall cross a street at a location other than at a crosswalk into which vehicle traffic is then restricted by a traffic control device, unless the crossing may be done safely and without interfering with motor vehicle and bicycle traffic on that street.
No operator of a motor vehicle or bicycle shall interfere with pedestrian or bicycle traffic in a crosswalk into which vehicle traffic is then restricted by a traffic control device.

Section 17. Parades and Competitive Events

As used in this section, “parade” means a procession of 25 or more persons, vehicles, or animals, or any combination thereof; traveling in unison along or upon a street of the University; organized and conducted for the purposes of attracting the attention of the general public; and/or expressing or celebrating views or ideas by use of verbal, visual, literary, or auditory means of communication. A parade shall not mean a procession of vehicles operated in compliance with ordinary traffic laws or a procession of pedestrians along or upon public sidewalks or private property.
As used in this section, “competitive event” means any planned race, walk, derby, or event, whether it is human-powered or otherwise, that involves a contest of physical skill(s) and/or strength between two or more individuals and takes place upon the University streets or sidewalks. It includes, but is not limited to, competition by foot, bicycle, motor vehicle, skateboard, roller skates, or wheelchair.
No person shall conduct any parade or competitive event on University streets or sidewalks without first obtaining a permit from the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, and without complying with the condition of the permit.
Application for a permit shall be made on forms prescribed by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses. The forms may require information on the event’s location, time, medical facilities, safety equipment, and other information as necessary to determine whether a permit should be issued. Permits shall be granted or refused based on the safety and welfare of the participants and the public, the degree of interference with the use of the University streets or with other University activities or operations, and in compliance with other rules the University may establish for use of its facilities and outdoor spaces. The University shall respond to an application for a permit within a reasonable time, but in any event within forty five days of receipt.
The granting of a permit may be conditioned upon proof of insurance protecting the University, agreements to indemnify the University, liability waivers, and payment of the costs of providing needed police assistance or other forms of University assistance.
No permit for a parade shall be refused because of political or religious beliefs of the participants.
The Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, are empowered to enforce the rules and regulations prescribed in this section.

Section 18. Traffic Control Orders

Adoption of Traffic Control Orders. The Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, is hereby authorized to issue and adopt rules and regulations, also called Traffic Control Orders, concerning the stopping or yielding of the right-of-way at intersections; restrictions on speed in parking lots or within parking structures; restrictions on stopping, standing, or parking; the designation of one-way streets, roadways, or alleys; the establishment of crosswalks, turn restrictions, through streets, angle parking, curb loading zones, public carrier stands, and parking meter zones and spaces; increasing or decreasing the prima facie lawful speed limits; and the establishment, maintenance, and removal of traffic control signs, signals, and devices in accordance with the provisions of this Section. Traffic Control Orders shall have the full force and effect of this Ordinance and be subject to the penalties for violations of them as provided in this Ordinance.
Current Regulations. All stop signs and yield right-of-way requirements; regulations on stopping, standing, or parking; one-way streets, roadways, and alleys; crosswalks; restricted turns; through streets; angle parking zones; curb loading zones; public carrier stands; parking meter zones and spaces; prima facie speed limits; no passing zones; and traffic control devices previously established and effective on the effective date of this Ordinance, shall be deemed established under Traffic Control Orders and shall remain effective until rescinded or modified by a Traffic Control Order.
Procedure and Notice. In exercising the authority by this Section in the issuance of Traffic Control Orders, the Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, may issue Traffic Control Orders to regulate various traffic matters including intersection stops, parking restrictions, one-way streets, crosswalks, turn restrictions, through streets, special event streets, angle parking, all-night parking, curb loading zones, public carrier stands, weight restrictions, no passing zones, and traffic control devices.
Signs and Markings. Wherever any regulation, rule, or Traffic Control Order requires any signs or establishes any lane or zone, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, shall forthwith erect such signs and mark lanes and zones in accordance therewith. Every street marking or sign that delimits the center line, any lane, zone, area, or space, shall be conclusively presumed to correctly delimit such line, lane, zone, area, or space.

Section 19. Abandonment and Impounding of Vehicles

Limitation on Duration of Parking. No person shall park a motor vehicle for forty-eight (48) or more consecutive hours in any parking area of the University of Michigan, except designated University Housing parking lots, unless first securing a Storage Parking Permit from the Office of the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, and displaying the permit in the vehicle.
Removal of Abandoned Vehicles. Any motor vehicle parked for forty-eight (48) or more consecutive hours after a written notice has been affixed to the vehicle in any parking area of the University of Michigan shall be deemed to be abandoned and, at the request of the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or the Executive Vice President’s written designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, may be removed and impounded by appropriate law enforcement officers for disposition in accordance with Michigan Vehicle Code or the Michigan Uniform Traffic Code, as amended.
Storage Parking Permit. The provisions of Section 19(a) and Section 19(b) of this Section shall not apply to vehicles for which a Student Storage Parking Permit has been issued, including, but not limited to, vehicles stored by students in Student Storage Parking Areas, provided the permit is displayed conspicuously on the vehicle.
Removal of Vehicles Not Otherwise Abandoned. Any motor vehicle, though not abandoned, may be removed and impounded by appropriate law enforcement officers at the direction or the request of the Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, for disposition in accordance with the Michigan Vehicle Code, as amended, in specified circumstances including hazardous conditions, obstructions, disabled vehicles, or other situations outlined in the ordinance.
Payment of Charges for Impounded Vehicles. Any vehicle impounded shall not be released until all parking charges, storing and towing charges, and fines, if any, are paid or an appropriate storage and towing bond is posted by the owner in accordance with the Michigan Vehicle Code, as amended, and other applicable state statutes.

Section 20. Handicapped Parking

Parking in Restricted Parking Area. Any person with a disability may park a motor vehicle in a Restricted Parking area by (i) securing and displaying a University accessible parking decal from the Department of Logistics, Transportation & Parking at the Ann Arbor campus, Parking Services at the Dearborn campus, the Department of Public Safety at the Flint campus, or other applicable campus designated office of parking services, and (ii) securing and displaying a State of Michigan certificate of identification, windshield placard or special automobile registration plates issued for those with disabilities under the Michigan Vehicle Code or such certificate, placard, or plates issued under the laws of any other state, provided such a person also secures and displays the University parking permit required for such restricted structure or lot under Section 3 of Article II of this Ordinance.
Open Parking and Other Parking Areas. A person with a disability may park a motor vehicle in an Open Parking Area or in any other parking area made temporarily available for parking by members of the public by complying with any other requirements necessary for a member of the public to park in such University lot or structure.
Limited-Purpose Parking Areas. A person with a disability may park a motor vehicle in a Limited-Purpose Parking Area only in accordance with Section 2(d) of Article II this Ordinance.
Prohibited Parking Areas. Other than as specifically set forth in this Section 20, a person with a disability may not park in any places where parking is prohibited.
Illegal Parking in Accessible Space. No person shall park a motor vehicle in a marked accessible parking space in any University lot or structure without displaying either a University accessible parking permit or a State of Michigan certificate of identification or special automobile registration plate issued for those with disabilities under the Michigan Vehicle Code or such certificate or plates issued under the laws of any other state, and without meeting the other requirements under this Section 20 to park in that parking space.
Illegal Use of Accessible Permit. No person shall park a motor vehicle bearing a University accessible parking permit or a State of Michigan certificate of identification or special automobile registration plate issued for those with disabilities under the Michigan Vehicle Code or such certificate or plates issued under the laws of any other state when the person is not either a person with a disability or parking the motor vehicle for the benefit of a person with a disability.

Section 21. Bicyclists, Electric, Low Speed Vehicles, and Mopeds

Driver Regulation Applicable. Every person riding a bicycle, low speed vehicle, or moped upon a street shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a motor vehicle under this Ordinance, except as to those provisions which by their nature can have no application.
Riding Abreast. Persons riding bicycles, low speed vehicles, or mopeds upon a street shall not ride abreast when a motor vehicle traveling behind bicycles, low speed vehicles, and mopeds operated abreast sounds its horn. At sounding of a horn, bicycles, low speed vehicles, and mopeds shall be operated single file until motor vehicles traveling behind have had an opportunity to pass them.
Clinging to Vehicles. No person operating a bicycle, low speed vehicle, or moped shall cling or attach their body or the bicycle, low speed vehicle, or moped to any other moving vehicle.
Number and Manner of Carrying Persons. No person shall ride upon any bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, low speed vehicle, or moped: (1) Other than upon or astride a permanent and regular seat attached to it; (2) Which is being used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped.
Lights. No bicycle shall be operated within the period from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise without having a properly lighted headlight clearly visible from the front of the bicycle, nor without having a red light or a reflector clearly visible from the rear.
Riding on Sidewalks. No person when riding a bicycle upon a sidewalk shall fail to yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian. No person operating a low speed vehicle or moped shall ride upon the sidewalk.
Parking. No person shall stand or park a bicycle upon the street other than in a bicycle rack or storage facility. It shall be unlawful to park a bicycle along sidewalks in a manner that interferes with pedestrians or along roadways where they may interfere with traffic or with persons getting into or out of motor vehicles.
Speed. No bicycle shall be operated at any time faster than is reasonable or proper; and every bicycle, low speed vehicle, and moped shall be operated with reasonable regard to the safety of the rider and other persons and property.
Quadricycles. No person who is an operator or occupant of a Commercial Quadricycle shall transport or possess alcoholic liquor in a container that is open or uncapped or upon which the seal is broken within the passenger area of a Quadricycle upon a University street or thoroughfare or upon University grounds, or within the passenger area of a moving Quadricycle in any place open to the general public on University grounds or generally accessible to motor vehicles, including an area designated for the parking of vehicles on University streets or thoroughfares or University grounds.

Section 22. Coverage of Vehicles and Bicycles

Definition. The provisions of this Ordinance, including the rules and regulations issued under it, shall, unless otherwise specifically provided, apply to all “motor vehicles,” “vehicles,” “bicycles,” and “electric bicycles” as those terms are defined in the Michigan Vehicle Code, as amended, that are parked in or on, or that travel upon, University of Michigan parking lots and structures, roads, driveways, or other grounds, including, but not limited to, automobiles, motorcycles, motor driven cycles, mopeds, motorbikes, bicycles, boats, and trailers.
Registration or Licensing. All motor vehicles that are parked in or on, or that travel upon, University of Michigan parking lots and structures, roads, driveways, or other grounds, shall be registered or licensed in accordance with State law.
Operation of Vehicles, Motorcycles on University Grounds (other than Diag). Without first obtaining approval from an authorized University official, no person shall drive any motor vehicles or vehicles (other than University-owned or authorized maintenance vehicles and emergency vehicles) on any University grounds.
Operation of Vehicles, Motorcycles on Diag. No person shall drive any motor vehicles or vehicles (other than University-owned or authorized maintenance vehicles, emergency vehicles or University authorized vehicles accessing a University loading dock) in that part of campus known as the Diag and located between State Street, East Hall and the Dana Building, South University Street and North University Street.
Impoundment. The Executive Director of the Division of Public Safety and Security or the Executive Director’s designee with respect to the Ann Arbor campus, or the respective Chancellor or the Chancellor’s designee with respect to the Dearborn and Flint campuses, may impound any bicycle, motorcycle, motor driven cycle, moped, or similar vehicle used by any person in violation of this Ordinance, any Traffic Control Order hereunder, or applicable State law, or which is abandoned or left unattended as specified in the ordinance.
University of Michigan Designated Vehicles. Any person driving or parking a University of Michigan designated motor vehicle must observe the provisions of the Ordinance.

Section 23. Violation Penalty

A violation of this Article II, Sections 11-17 and 20, shall constitute a civil infraction and shall be punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.